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Fortinet NSE7_PBC-7.2 is a certification exam offered by Fortinet that is designed to validate the knowledge and expertise of IT professionals in managing and securing public cloud environments. NSE7_PBC-7.2 exam is part of the Fortinet Network Security Expert (NSE) program, which is a comprehensive training and certification program for network security professionals.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Refer to the exhibit
An administrator deployed an HA active-active load balance sandwich in Microsoft Azure. The setup requires configuration synchronization between devices- What are two outcomes from the configured settings? (Choose two.)
- A. It does not synchronize the FortiGate hostname
- B. FortiGate A and FortiGate B are two independent devices.
- C. By default, FortiGate uses FGCP
- D. FortiGate-VM instances are scaled out automatically according to predefined workload levels.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Explanation
B: FortiGate A and FortiGate B are two independent devices. This means that they are not part of a cluster or a high availability group, and they do not share the same configuration or state information. They are configured as standalone FortiGates with standalone configuration synchronization enabled1. This feature allows them to synchronize most of their configuration settings with each other, except for some settings that identify the FortiGate to the network, such as the hostname1. D. It does not synchronize the FortiGate hostname. This is one of the settings that are excluded from the standalone configuration synchronization, as mentioned above. The hostname is a unique identifier for each FortiGate device, and it should not be changed by the synchronization process1.
The other options are incorrect because:
FortiGate-VM instances are not scaled out automatically according to predefined workload levels. This is a feature of the auto scaling solution for FortiGate-VM on Azure, which requires a different deployment and configuration than the one shown in the exhibit2. The exhibit shows a static deployment of two FortiGate-VM instances behind an Azure load balancer, which does not support auto scaling.
By default, FortiGate does not use FGCP. FGCP stands for FortiGate Clustering Protocol, which is used to synchronize configuration and state information between FortiGate devices in a cluster or a high availability group3. However, the exhibit shows that the FortiGates are not in a cluster or a high availability group, and they use standalone configuration synchronization instead of FGCP.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Refer to the exhibit
The exhibit shows the results of a FortiCNP registry scan
Which two statements are correct? (Choose two )
- A. The registry scan is part of the FortiCNP cloud protection.
- B. When adding a repository, you can add a minimum number of images to be imported through the CAP section.
- C. The registry scan is part of the FortiCNP container protection.
- D. When adding a repository, you can leave the Tag section blank to scan all images-
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
The exhibit shows the results of a FortiCNP registry scan, which is part of the FortiCNP container protection. FortiCNP's Container Protection provides deep visibility into the security posture of container registries and images1. The registry scan utilizes Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) index regularly updated by NVD to detect underlying vulnerabilities, security flaws, and provides security best practices2. The registry scan is performed at the registry level, and it can scan all images in a repository if the Tag section is left blank when adding a repository2. The CAP section stands for Container Assurance Policy, which defines the minimum number of images to be scanned per repository3. Therefore, the correct statements are A and C. References: Container Image Scan | FortiCNP 22.3.a, FortiCNP, Cloud Native Application Protection Platform | FortiCNP
NEW QUESTION # 25
Refer to the exhibit
An administrator is trying to deploy a FortiGate VM in Microsoft Azure using Terraform However, during the configuration, the Azure client secret is no longer visible in the Azure portal.
How would the administrator obtain the Azure
client secret to configure on Terratorm?
- A. Log in to the Azure CLI with power user to obtain the client secret
- B. The administrator must create a new Azure account
- C. The administrator can create a new client secret
- D. The administrator must obtain the client secret through Azure Cloud Shell.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The Azure client secret is a one-time value that is only visible when it is created. If the administrator loses or forgets the client secret, they cannot retrieve it from the Azure portal. However, they can create a new client secret and use it to configure Terraform. To create a new client secret, they need to follow these steps12:
Sign in to the Azure portal and navigate to the Azure Active Directory service.
Select the application name under the App Registrations.
Select Certificates & Secrets > New client secret to create a new client secret.
Add a description and an expiration date for the client secret and select Add.
Copy the value of the new client secret immediately as it will not be shown again.
References:
Generate new Client Secret and link to key-vault | Microsoft Learn
Azure Quickstart - Set and retrieve a secret from Key Vault using Azure portal | Microsoft Learn
NEW QUESTION # 26
Refer to the exhibit
Consider the active-active load balance sandwich scenario in Microsoft Azure.
What are two important facts in the active-active load balance sandwich scenario? (Choose two )
- A. It is recommended to enable NAT on FortiGate policies.
- B. It uses the FGCP protocol
- C. It uses the vdom-exception command to exclude the configuration from being synced
- D. It supports session synchronization for handling asynchronous traffic.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Explanation
B: It is recommended to enable NAT on FortiGate policies. This is because the Azure load balancer uses a hash-based algorithm to distribute traffic to the FortiGate instances, and it relies on the source and destination IP addresses and ports of the packets1. If NAT is not enabled, the source IP address of the packets will be the same as the load balancer's frontend IP address, which will result in uneven distribution of traffic and possible asymmetric routing issues1. Therefore, it is recommended to enable NAT on the FortiGate policies to preserve the original source IP address of the packets and ensure optimal load balancing and routing1. D. It supports session synchronization for handling asynchronous traffic. This means that the FortiGate instances can synchronize their session tables with each other, so that they can handle traffic that does not follow the same path as the initial packet of a session2. For example, if a TCP SYN packet is sent to FortiGate A, but the TCP SYN-ACK packet is sent to FortiGate B, FortiGate B can forward the packet to FortiGate A by looking up the session table2. This feature allows the FortiGate instances to handle asymmetric traffic that may occur due to the Azure load balancer's hash-based algorithm or other factors.
The other options are incorrect because:
It does not use the vdom-exception command to exclude the configuration from being synced. The vdom-exception command is used to exclude certain configuration settings from being synchronized between FortiGate devices in a cluster or a high availability group3. However, in this scenario, the FortiGate devices are not in a cluster or a high availability group, but they are standalone devices with standalone configuration synchronization enabled. This feature allows them to synchronize most of their configuration settings with each other, except for some settings that identify the FortiGate to the network, such as the hostname.
It does not use the FGCP protocol. FGCP stands for FortiGate Clustering Protocol, which is used to synchronize configuration and state information between FortiGate devices in a cluster or a high availability group. However, in this scenario, the FortiGate devices are not in a cluster or a high availability group, and they use standalone configuration synchronization instead of FGCP.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which statement about Transit Gateway (TGW) in Amazon Web Services (AWS) is true?
- A. The TGW default route table cannot be disabled.
- B. TGW can have multiple TGW route tables.
- C. A TGW attachment can be associated with multiple TGW route tables.
- D. Both the TGW attachment and propagation must be in the same TGW route table
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the AWS documentation for Transit Gateway, a transit gateway is a network transit hub that connects VPCs and on-premises networks. A transit gateway route table is a set of rules that determines how traffic is routed among the attachments to the transit gateway1.
A transit gateway can have multiple route tables, and you can associate different attachments with different route tables. This allows you to control how traffic is routed between your VPCs and VPNs based on your network design and security requirements1.
The other options are incorrect because:
Both the TGW attachment and propagation must be in the same TGW route table is not true. You can associate an attachment with one route table and enable propagation from another attachment to a different route table. This allows you to separate the routing domains for your attachments1.
A TGW attachment can be associated with multiple TGW route tables is not true. You can only associate an attachment with one route table at a time. However, you can change the association at any time1.
The TGW default route table cannot be disabled is not true. You can disable the default route table by deleting all associations and propagations from it. However, you cannot delete the default route table itself1.
1: Transit Gateways - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
NEW QUESTION # 28
You are tasked with deploying a FortiGate HA solution in Amazon Web Services (AWS) using Terraform What are two steps you must take to complete this deployment? (Choose two.)
- A. Create an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user With permissions.
- B. Enable automation on the AWS portal.
- C. Create an AWS Active Directory user with permissions.
- D. Use CloudSheIl to install Terraform.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Explanation
To deploy a FortiGate HA solution in AWS using Terraform, you need to create an AWS IAM user with permissions to access the AWS resources and services required by the FortiGate-VM. You also need to use CloudShell to install Terraform, which is a tool for building, changing, and versioning infrastructure as code.
References:
Deploying FortiGate-VM using Terraform | AWS Administration Guide
Setting up IAM roles | AWS Administration Guide
Launching the instance using roles and user data | AWS Administration Guide Terraform by HashiCorp
NEW QUESTION # 29
Refer to the exhibit
You are tasked with deploying a webserver and FortiGate VMS in AWS_ You are using Terraform to automate the process Which two important details should you know about the Terraform files? (Choose two.)
- A. You must specify all the AWS credentials in the output. of file.
- B. The subnet_private 1 value is defined in the variables . tf file
- C. All the output values are available after a successful terraform apply command
- D. After the deployment, Terraform output values are visible only through AWS CloudShell.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
A: All the output values are available after a successful terraform apply command. This means that after the deployment, you can view the output values by running terraform output or terraform show in the same directory where you ran terraform apply1. You can also use the output values in other Terraform configurations or external systems by using the terraform output command with various options2. B. The subnet_private_1 value is defined in the variables.tf file. This means that the subnet_private_1 value is an input variable that can be customized by passing a different value when running terraform apply or by setting an environment variable3. The variables.tf file is where you declare all the input variables for your Terraform configuration4.
The other options are incorrect because:
After the deployment, Terraform output values are not visible only through AWS CloudShell. You can access them from any shell or terminal where you have Terraform installed and configured with your AWS credentials.
You do not need to specify all the AWS credentials in the output.tf file. The output.tf file is where you declare all the output values for your Terraform configuration4. You can specify your AWS credentials in a separate file, such as provider.tf, or use environment variables or shared credentials files. References:
Output Values - Configuration Language | Terraform - HashiCorp Developer Command: output - Terraform by HashiCorp Input Variables - Configuration Language | Terraform - HashiCorp Developer Configuration Language | Terraform - HashiCorp Developer
NEW QUESTION # 30
You have created a TGW route table to route traffic from your spoke VPC to the security VPC where two FortiGate devices are inspecting traffic. Your spoke VPC CIDR block is already propagated to the Transit Gateway (TGW) route table.
Which type of attachment should you use to advertise routes through BGP from the spoke VPC to the security VPC?
- A. Route attachment
- B. Connect attachment
- C. GRE attachment
- D. VPC attachment
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
A VPC attachment is the type of attachment that allows you to connect a VPC to a TGW and advertise routes through BGP. A VPC attachment creates a VPN connection between the VPC and the TGW, and enables dynamic routing with BGP. A connect attachment is used to connect a VPN or Direct Connect gateway to a TGW. A route attachment is not a valid type of attachment for TGW. A GRE attachment is used to connect a FortiGate device to a TGW using GRE tunnels. References:
Creating the TGW and related resources
Configuring TGW route tables
FortiGate Public Cloud 7.2.0 - Fortinet Documentation
Updating the route table and adding an IAM policy
NEW QUESTION # 31
Refer to the exhibit
You deployed an HA active-passive FortiGate VM in Microsoft Azure.
Which two statements regarding this particular deployment are true? (Choose two.)
- A. During the failover, the passive FortiGate issues API calls to Azure
- B. There is no SLA for API calls from Microsoft Azure.
- C. Use the vdom-excepticn command to synchronize the configuration.
- D. By default, the configuration does not synchromze between the primary and secondary devices.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
A is correct because in this deployment, the passive FortiGate issues API calls to Azure to update the routing table and the public IP address of the active FortiGate123. This way, the traffic is redirected to the new active FortiGate after a failover.
B is incorrect because the vdom-exception command is used to exclude specific VDOMs from being synchronized in an HA cluster.This command is not related to this deployment scenario.
C is incorrect because Microsoft Azure does provide an SLA for API calls. According to the Azure Service Level Agreements, the API Management service has a monthly uptime percentage of at least
99.9% for the standard tier and higher.
D is correct because by default, the configuration is not synchronized between the primary and secondary devices in this deployment. The administrator needs to manually enable configuration synchronization on both devices123. Alternatively, the administrator can use FortiManager to manage and synchronize the configuration of both devices4.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Refer to the exhibit.
You are configuring a second route table on a Transit Gateway to accommodate east-west traffic inspection between two VPCs_ However, you are getting an error during the transit gateway route table association With the Connect attachment.
Which action Should you take to fulfill your requirement?
- A. Add a static route in the Routes section
- B. Add both Associations and Propagations in the second TGW route table.
- C. Delete the both Connect and Transport attachments from the first TGW route table
- D. In the second route table: create a propagation with the Connect attachment.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The error message indicates that the Connect attachment is already associated with another transit gateway route table. You cannot associate the same attachment with more than one route table. However, you can propagate the same attachment to multiple route tables. Therefore, to fulfill your requirement of configuring a second route table for east-west traffic inspection between two VPCs, you need to create a propagation with the Connect attachment in the second route table. This will allow the second route table to learn the routes from the Connect attachment and forward the traffic to the securityVPC1. You also need to associate the second route table with the Transport attachment, which is the transit gateway attachment for the security VPC1.
References:
Transit gateway route tables - Amazon VPC | AWS Documentation
Getting started with transit gateways - Amazon VPC | AWS Documentation
Configuring TGW route tables | FortiGate Public Cloud 7.4.0 | Fortinet Document Library
NEW QUESTION # 33
You are tasked with deploying a FortiGate HA solution in Amazon Web Services (AWS) using Terraform What are two steps you must take to complete this deployment? (Choose two.)
- A. Create an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user With permissions.
- B. Enable automation on the AWS portal.
- C. Create an AWS Active Directory user with permissions.
- D. Use CloudSheIl to install Terraform.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Explanation
To deploy a FortiGate HA solution in AWS using Terraform, you need to create an AWS IAM user with permissions to access the AWS resources and services required by the FortiGate-VM. You also need to use CloudShell to install Terraform, which is a tool for building, changing, and versioning infrastructure as code.
References:
Deploying FortiGate-VM using Terraform | AWS Administration Guide
Setting up IAM roles | AWS Administration Guide
Launching the instance using roles and user data | AWS Administration Guide Terraform by HashiCorp
NEW QUESTION # 34
You are adding more spoke VPCs to an existing hub and spoke topology Your goal is to finish this task in the minimum amount of time without making errors.
Which Amazon AWS services must you subscribe to accomplish your goal?
- A. Inspector, S3
- B. WAF, DynamoDB
- C. GuardDuty, CloudWatch
- D. CloudWatch, S3
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct answer is D. CloudWatch and S3.
According to the GitHub repository for the Fortinet aws-lambda-tgw script1, this function requires the following AWS services:
CloudWatch: A monitoring and observability service that collects and processes events from various AWS resources, including Transit Gateway attachments and route tables.
S3: A scalable object storage service that can store the configuration files and logs generated by the Lambda function.
By using the Fortinet aws-lambda-tgw script, you can automate the creation and configuration of Transit Gateway Connect attachments for your FortiGate devices.This can help you save time and avoid errors when adding more spoke VPCs to an existing hub and spoke topology1.
The other AWS services mentioned in the options are not required for this task. GuardDuty is a threat detection service that monitors for malicious and unauthorized behavior to help protect AWS accounts and workloads. WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect web applications from common web exploits.
Inspector is a security assessment service that helps improve the security and compliance of applications deployed on AWS. DynamoDB is a fast and flexible NoSQL database service that can store various types of data.
1:GitHub - fortinet/aws-lambda-tgw
NEW QUESTION # 35
You are automating configuration changes on one of the FortiGate VMS using Linux Red Hat Ansible.
How does Linux Red Hat Ansible connect to FortiGate to make the configuration change?
- A. It uses SSH as a connection method to FortiOS.
- B. It uses an API.
- C. It uses YAML
- D. It uses a FortiGate internal or external IP address with TCP port 21
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Ansible connects to FortiGate using an API, which is a method of communication between different software components. Ansible uses the fortios_* modules to interact with the FortiOS API, which is a RESTful API that allows configuration and monitoring of FortiGate devices12. Ansible can use either HTTP or HTTPS as the transport protocol, and can authenticate with either a username and password or an API token3.
The other options are incorrect because:
Ansible does not use TCP port 21 to connect to FortiGate. Port 21 is typically used for FTP, which is not supported by FortiOS4.
Ansible does not use SSH as a connection method to FortiOS. SSH is a secure shell protocol that allows remote command execution and file transfer, but it is not the preferred way of automating configuration changes on FortiGate devices.
Ansible does not use YAML to connect to FortiGate. YAML is a data serialization language that Ansible uses to write playbooks and inventory files, but it is not a connection method. References:
Fortinet.Fortios - Ansible Documentation
FortiOS REST API Reference
FortiOS Module Guide - Ansible Documentation
FortiOS 7.0 CLI Reference
[Connection methods and details - Ansible Documentation]
[YAML Syntax - Ansible Documentation]
NEW QUESTION # 36
Refer to Exhibit:
After the initial Terraform configuration in Microsoft Azure, the terraform plan command is run Which two statements about running the plan command are true? (Choose two.)
- A. The terraform plan command will deploy the rest of the resources except the service principle details.
- B. You cannot run the terraform apply command before the terraform plan command.
- C. The terraform plan command makes terraform do a dry run.
- D. You must run the terraform init command once, before the terraform plan command
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
A is incorrect because the terraform plan command will not deploy any resources at all. It will only show the changes that would be made if the terraform apply command was run. The error message in the exhibit indicates that the service principal details are invalid, which means that Terraform cannot authenticate to Azure and cannot create any resources1.
B is incorrect because you can run the terraform apply command without running the terraform plan command first. The terraform apply command will automatically generate a new plan and prompt you to approve it before applying it2. However, running the terraform plan command first can help you preview the changes and avoid any unwanted or unexpected actions.
C is correct because you must run the terraform init command once before the terraform plan command.
The terraform init command initializes a working directory containing Terraform configuration files. It downloads and installs the provider plugins required for your configuration, such as the Azure provider2. It also creates a hidden directory called .terraform to store the plugin binaries and other metadata1. Without running the terraform init command, the terraform plan command will fail because it cannot find the required plugins or modules.
D is correct because the terraform plan command makes Terraform do a dry run. A dry run is a simulation of what would happen if you executed a certain action, without actually performing it. The terraform plan command creates an execution plan, which is a description of the actions that Terraform would take to make your infrastructure match your configuration2. The execution plan shows you what resources will be created, modified, or destroyed, and what attributes will be changed. The execution plan does not affect your infrastructure or state file until you apply it with the terraform apply command1.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Refer to the exhibit
A customer has deployed an environment in Amazon Web Services (AWS) and is now trying to send outbound traffic from the Linux1 and Linux2 instances to the internet through the security VPC (virtual private cloud). The FortiGate policies are configured to allow all outbound traffic; however, the traffic is not reaching the FortiGate internal interface. Assume there are no issues with the Transit Gateway (TGW) configuration Which two settings must the customer add to correct the issue? (Choose two.)
- A. The four landing subnets in all the VPCs must have a 0.0 0 0/0 traffic route to the TGW
- B. Both landing subnets in the security VPC must have a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the FortiGate port2.
- C. Both landing subnets in the spoke VPCs must have a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the Internet Gateway (IOW).
- D. Both landing subnets in the spoke VPCs must have a 0.0 00/0 traffic route to the TGW
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct answer is B and C. Both landing subnets in the spoke VPCs must have a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the TGW. Both landing subnets in the security VPC must have a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the FortiGate port2.
According to the AWS documentation for Transit Gateway, a transit gateway is a network transit hub that connects VPCs and on-premises networks. To send outbound traffic from the Linux instances to the internet through the security VPC, you need to do the following steps:
In the main subnet routing table in the spoke VPCs, add a new route with destination 0.0.0.0/0, next hop TGW. This route directs all traffic from the Linux instances to the TGW, which can then forward it to the appropriate destination based on the TGW route table.
In the main subnet routing table in the security VPC, add a new route with destination 0.0.0.0/0, next hop FortiGate port2. This route directs all traffic from the TGW to the FortiGate internal interface, where it can be inspected and allowed by the FortiGate policies.
The other options are incorrect because:
Adding a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the Internet Gateway (IGW) in the spoke VPCs is not correct, as this would bypass the TGW and the security VPC and send all traffic directly to the internet.
Adding a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the TGW in all the VPCs is not necessary, as only the spoke VPCs need to send traffic to the TGW. The security VPC needs to send traffic to the FortiGate port2.
Transit Gateways - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud:Fortinet Documentation Library - Deploying FortiGate VMs on AWS
NEW QUESTION # 38
You must allow an SSH traffic rule in an Amazon Web Services (AWS) network access list (NACL) to allow SSH traffic to travel to a subnetfor temporary testing purposes. When you review the current inbound network ACL rules, you notice that rule number 5 demes SSH and telnet traffic to the subnet What can you do to allow SSH traffic?
- A. You must create a new allow SSH rule anywhere in the network ACL rule base to allow SSH traffic.
- B. You must create a new allow SSH rule above rule number 5-
- C. You do not have to create any NACL rules because the default security group rule automatically allows SSH traffic to the subnet.
- D. You must create a new allow SSH rule below rule number 5
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Network ACLs are stateless, and they evaluate each packet separately based on the rules that you define. The rules are processed in order, starting with the lowest numbered rule1. If the traffic matches a rule, the rule is applied and no further rules are evaluated1. Therefore, if you want to allow SSH traffic to a subnet, you must create a new allow SSH rule above rule number 5, which denies SSH and telnet traffic. Otherwise, the deny rule will take precedence and block the SSH traffic.
The other options are incorrect because:
Creating a new allow SSH rule below rule number 5 will not allow SSH traffic, because the deny rule will be evaluated first and block the traffic.
Creating a new allow SSH rule anywhere in the network ACL rule base will not guarantee that SSH traffic will be allowed, because it depends on the order of the rules. If the allow SSH rule is below the deny rule, it will not be effective.
You cannot rely on the default security group rule to allow SSH traffic to the subnet, because network ACLs act as an additional layer of security for your VPC. Even if your security group allows SSH traffic, your network ACL must also allow it. Otherwise, the traffic will be blocked at the subnet level.
NEW QUESTION # 39
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